Modern Analytical Techniques for Detection of Bacteria in Surface and Wastewaters

Contamination of surface waters with pathogens as well all diseases associated such events are a significant concern worldwide. In recent decades, there has been growing interest in developing analytical methods good performance for the detection this category contaminants. The most important applied determination bacteria traditional ones (such bacterial culturing methods, enzyme-linked immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification) advanced alternative spectrometry, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, magnetic field-assisted hyphenated techniques). addition, optical electrochemical sensors have gained much attention essential alternatives conventional bacteria. large number available materialized by many publications field aimed to ensure control water quality resources. This study represents critical synthesis literature regarding latest covering comparative aspects pathogen contamination All these presented representative examples, focusing on two implications health population, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa Escherichia coli.